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HDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and glycaemic control: a cross-sectional observational
S V Hegde1, K S Rashmi2, R Kandimalla3
1Department of Biochemistry, Srinivas Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Insights
Both high and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) pose cardiovascular risks. This study reveals that abnormal HDL-C levels, both high and low, are linked to poor glycemic control and lipid profiles.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Lipid Metabolism
Background:
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is recognized for its atheroprotective properties.
- Emerging research highlights a significant association between HDL-C levels, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes mellitus.
- Understanding the implications of both high and low HDL-C is crucial for comprehensive risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of both high and low HDL-C levels within a defined population.
- To explore the association of these HDL-C levels with key lipid profile parameters.
- To examine the relationship between abnormal HDL-C levels and glycemic control markers, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional observational study involving 2080 patients.
- Analysis focused on 746 patients categorized into two groups: low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL) and high HDL-C (>80 mg/dL).
- Evaluation included lipid profiles, FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c levels to assess associations.
Main Results:
- Hyperalphalipoproteinemia (high HDL-C) was found to have a low prevalence.
- Elevated HDL-C levels were associated with detrimental cardiovascular outcomes and higher total cholesterol.
- Low HDL-C levels correlated with increased triglycerides and VLDL, while both groups showed high LDL-C and similar glycemic parameter disparities.
Conclusions:
- Both excessively high and low HDL-C levels present significant cardiovascular risks.
- Abnormal HDL-C levels, irrespective of being high or low, serve as important predictors for cardiovascular risk factors.
- These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and managing HDL-C levels for effective glycemic control and CVD prevention.
Background:
HDL-cholesterol is unanimously called good chole-sterol for its atheroprotective role. Lately, studies have shown a strong alliance between HDL-cholesterol levels, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. With this, present study aims to explore the prevalence of both high and low HDL-cholesterol levels in study population, and its association with lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin levels.
Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study, encompassing 2080 patients, endeavors to conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis elucidating the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of HDL-cholesterol levels, with a specific focus on hyperalphalipoproteinemia, in the context of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The study meticulously categorized 746 patients into two distinct groups: those with HDL-cholesterol levels below 40 mg/dL (n = 709) and those with levels surpassing 80 mg/dL (n = 37).
Results:
The study showed a comparatively low prevalence of hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Nonetheless, the study findings vindicate the concept of the detrimental effect of high levels of HDL choleste-rol on cardiovascular outcomes. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia patients showed significant difference compared to the individuals with low HDL-cholesterol presenting elevated levels of total cholesterol. High triglyceride and VLDL were seen in patients with low HDL cholesterol. Both groups revealed a high LDL-cholesterol without any significant difference. However, both the categories demonstrated almost similar disparity in the glycemic parameters to be specific FBS, PPBS, HbA1c with no significant difference.
Conclusions:
High HDL-cholesterol levels are equally perilous as that of their lower levels. Hence both low & high HDL-cholesterol serves as predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and glycemic control.
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