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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

23.3K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
23.3K
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

9.9K
The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
9.9K
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

6.6K
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
6.6K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.8K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.8K
Tongue01:01

Tongue

2.7K
The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
2.7K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

7.3K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
7.3K

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Himchan Cho.

Himchan Cho

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This profile highlights Himchan Cho's passion for laboratory safety culture and his experiences attending a science conference in Sevilla. Discover more about his scientific journey and insights.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laboratory safety culture
    • Scientific community engagement

    Background:

    • Introduction to Himchan Cho's professional interests.
    • Personal reflections on scientific experiences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce Himchan Cho and his dedication to laboratory safety.
    • To share personal anecdotes from scientific conferences.

    Main Methods:

    • Profile-based narrative.
    • Personal reflection.

    Main Results:

    • Himchan Cho is passionate about establishing a strong safety culture in labs.
    • Sevilla was a memorable location for a recent science conference.

    Conclusions:

    • The profile provides insight into Himchan Cho's commitment to lab safety.
    • Personal experiences enrich the scientific journey.