Congenital Anomaly Trends in Vietnam: A 16-Year Analysis

Congenital anomalies (CAs) are significant contributors to infant morbidity and mortality globally. In Vietnam, disparities in healthcare access, particularly in remote regions like Ben Tre Province, necessitate detailed research on CAs to inform public health strategies. This cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed CAs among 126 233 live births at Nguyen Dinh Chieu Hospital in Ben Tre Province from 2008 to 2023. Data were collected using 33 diagnostic markers, with cases identified through physical examinations and ICD-10 classification. Cleft lip and palate emerged as the most common CAs, with a significant presence among the identified cases. The overall incidence of CAs throughout the study period was 0.342%. The annual incidence varied over time, declining from 0.736% in 2008 to 0.491% in 2023. Hand polydactyly and cleft lip were also frequently observed, while rare anomalies included facial clefts and conjoined twins. The study indicates a general decrease in CAs over 16 years, with cleft lip and palate showing the highest incidence. To address these anomalies effectively, improvements in prenatal care, diagnostics, and targeted interventions are essential. Future research should focus on specific risk factors and evaluate preventive measures, with continued monitoring critical for understanding trends and enhancing health outcomes.