Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
Published on: February 16, 2011
Eyes of Understanding: Ophthalmologists' Attitudes Towards Caring for People With Intellectual Disabilities in
Chiun-Ho Hou1,2, Yueh-Ching Chou3, Christy Pu2
1Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
Background:
This study compared ophthalmologists' and other health-care professionals' attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities in clinical and nonclinical settings.
Methods:
Between January 2022 and October 2023, a survey was conducted among 127 physicians, 100 optometrists/opticians, and 86 other health-care professionals in Taiwan. Their attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities in nonclinical and clinical settings were examined using 14-item and 8-item scales, respectively; data on their training and care experience were collected.
Results:
Ophthalmologists exhibited positive attitudes in nonclinical settings (mean = 55.9/70) but exhibited less positive attitudes in clinical settings (mean = 23.5/40). In clinical settings, ophthalmologists exhibited the highest scores across most items, indicating the most favourable attitudes. Optometrists generally had the second-highest scores, followed by other healthcare professionals.
Conclusion:
Ophthalmologists' attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities may considerably differ between clinical and nonclinical settings.
Related Concept Videos
Intellectual Disability
Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II
Physical Therapist
A physical therapist (PT) aims to restore function or prevent additional impairment in a patient following an injury or disease. Massage, heat, cold, water, sonar waves, exercises, and electrical stimulation are some treatments used by PTs to treat...
Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I
Physicians
The physician's primary responsibility is to diagnose illness and direct the medical or surgical treatment of the condition. The authority to admit patients to a healthcare agency or institution and practice care within that setting is granted to physicians by the healthcare agency or institution...
Ethical Issues
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Accessory Structures of the Eye
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I
Daycare centers
They provide several functions. Some facilities care for healthy newborns and children whose parents work, while others are medically focused and care for...

