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Neural Oscillations in the Aging Brain Associated With Interference Control in Word Production.

Xiaochen Y Zheng1,2, Vitória Piai3

  • 1Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

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|September 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show different brain activity patterns during speech production compared to younger adults. Instead of mid-frontal theta oscillations, beta power decreases in specific brain regions are linked to interference control in older speakers.

Keywords:
Stroop interferenceagingcognitive controlcompetitionmid-frontal thetasemantic interference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • Speaking involves complex cognitive processes, including top-down control for speech planning and execution.
  • Previous research linked mid-frontal theta oscillations to interference control during speech in young adults using a picture-word interference paradigm.
  • This paradigm measures neural responses to distractor words during picture naming, revealing interference effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if mid-frontal theta oscillations are involved in interference control for speech production in older adults.
  • To compare the neural mechanisms of top-down interference control in older versus young adult speakers.
  • To determine if aging modifies the brain's oscillatory patterns during spoken word production.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to record brain activity in healthy older adults (mean age 60).
  • A picture-word interference paradigm was employed, similar to previous studies with young adults.
  • Behavioral measures of interference and neural oscillatory activity (theta and beta power) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral results in older adults replicated semantic and Stroop-like interference effects seen in younger adults.
  • No significant mid-frontal theta power modulation was observed in older adults during interference.
  • Instead, decreased beta power in the left posterior temporal and inferior parietal cortex correlated with interference control in older adults, a pattern not seen in young adults.

Conclusions:

  • The neural basis of top-down interference control during speech production may change with age.
  • Mid-frontal theta oscillations are not the sole neural mechanism for interference control in spoken word production.
  • Aging may involve distinct spectro-spatial-temporal dynamics for cognitive control during speech, with beta activity playing a significant role in older adults.