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Preventive Strategies Against Disinformation: A Study on Digital and Information Literacy Activities Led by
Cristina M Arribas1, Manuel Gertrudix1, Rubén Arcos1
1Audiovisual Communication and Advertising, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicacion, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain.
Open Research Europe
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Fact-checking organizations promote digital literacy to combat disinformation, with activities increasing by 60%. These initiatives are crucial for reaching those outside formal education, though they depend on external funding.
Area of Science:
- Digital Media Studies
- Sociology of Technology
- Information Science
Background:
- Disinformation poses a significant threat to democratic societies, amplified by generative AI technologies.
- Detecting and combating AI-generated disinformation presents considerable challenges.
- The European Union prioritizes debunking and media/digital literacy strategies to counter disinformation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of fact-checking organizations in fostering digital and media literacy.
- To identify and categorize fact-checking activities aimed at mitigating disinformation.
- To analyze the website content of International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) members.
Main Methods:
- Website analysis of 88 IFCN member organizations.
- Data collection across two distinct time periods.
- Classification of activities related to various literacies.
Main Results:
- Moderate implementation of literacy activities (48.6%), with a 60% increase since December 2022.
- Variations in adoption rates across different geographical regions.
- Tailored strategies addressing diverse target audiences and sociodemographic factors.
- Fact-checkers act as vital conduits for individuals outside formal education.
Conclusions:
- Fact-checking initiatives demonstrate regional disparities in adoption.
- Strategies are adapted to diverse audiences, reflecting sociodemographic influences.
- Fact-checkers are essential for engaging populations excluded from formal education.
- Current activities heavily rely on external funding, lacking sustainable business models.
- Expanding external funding is recommended to support these vital initiatives, particularly for vulnerable groups.
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