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    High blood pressure damages brain cells early, causing cognitive impairment. This study reveals molecular changes in brain cells like endothelial cells and neurons, offering insights into hypertension

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cardiovascular Science
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Arterial hypertension is a major cause of cognitive decline.
    • The molecular mechanisms linking hypertension to brain cell dysfunction are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the early transcriptomic changes in the neocortex of a mouse model of hypertension.
    • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension-induced neurovascular and cognitive deficits.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed.
    • Transcriptomic changes were analyzed in a mouse model of angiotensin II-induced hypertension at 3 and 42 days.

    Main Results:

    • Early signs of endothelial transport disruption, senescence, and oligodendrocyte differentiation stall were observed within 3 days.
    • Interneuronal hypofunction and network imbalance were detected early.
    • By 42 days, deficits in myelination, axonal conduction, and neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction were evident, coinciding with cognitive impairment.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypertension causes early vulnerability in endothelial cells, interneurons, and oligodendrocytes.
    • These early molecular changes provide a basis for subsequent neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment.
    • The study provides a valuable dataset for future research on hypertension and brain health.