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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

Published on: April 4, 2025

Two Distinct Attentional Priorities Guide Exploratory and Exploitative Gaze in Parallel.

Xuan Wen^1,2, Alireza Seyed Hassani¹, Adam Neumann¹

¹Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|September 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gaze is guided by two attention systems: exploratory attention for novel items and exploitative attention for rewards. Reward history biases choices, but exploratory sampling remains unbiased, revealing parallel attentional processes.

Keywords:

Attentional Control Blocking Feature-based attention Information Seeking Latent inhibition Selection history

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Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Eye Tracking During A Complex Aviation Task For Insights Into Information Processing

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Published on: November 14, 2018

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroscience
Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

Gaze is directed towards informative, novel, or reward-predictive visual stimuli.
Attention is theorized to involve two systems: exploratory (prioritizing uncertainty) and exploitative (prioritizing reward information).

Purpose of the Study:

To test the hypothesis of two separable attention systems influencing gaze preferences.
To investigate how reward history and novelty affect attention and learning in nonhuman primates.

Main Methods:

Nonhuman primates learned feature-based attention tasks with objects having learned reward associations or novel features.
Fixations and choice accuracy were recorded and analyzed.
A Parallel Belief States model quantified exploratory value and attention biases.

Main Results:

Reward history slowed learning by attracting fixations to previously rewarded distractors.
This bias persisted in choice-related fixations but was overcome by exploratory sampling preceding choices.
Exploratory sampling remained unaffected by reward history, unlike exploitative fixations showing persistent biases.

Conclusions:

Gaze is guided by two parallel attentional priorities: exploratory attention for information sampling and exploitative attention for goal-relevant features.
Exploratory attention prioritizes uncertainty, while exploitative attention prioritizes learned reward information, demonstrating separable systems influencing gaze behavior.