sAPPα inhibits neurite outgrowth in primary mouse neurons via GABA B Receptor subunit 1a

Neurite outgrowth is essential for neural circuit formation and is tightly regulated by secreted factors and their receptors. The secreted extracellular domain of the amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα) has been shown to modulate neurite outgrowth. Recently, the gamma amino butyric acid receptor type-B subunit 1a (GABA_BR1a) was identified as an sAPPα binding partner that mediates its effects on synaptic transmission. Here, we investigated whether this interaction also regulates neurite outgrowth. In primary hippocampal neurons, the GABA_BR agonist baclofen reduced axon length; whereas, its antagonist CGP54626 increased axon length in primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, GABA_BR1a knockout increased axon length and abolished the effect of baclofen. Application of sAPPα reduced axon length, an effect that required the presence of both GABA_BR1a and the extension domain of sAPPα, which mediates its binding to GABA_BR1a. Similarly, the APP 17mer peptide, which is sufficient to bind GABA_BR1a and mimic the effects of sAPP on synaptic transmission, reduced axon outgrowth in wildtype but not in GABA_BR1a-deficient neurons. Together, these findings indicate that the 1a isoform contributes to GABA_BR-dependent suppression of neurite outgrowth and mediates the inhibitory effect of sAPPα on neurite outgrowth.