Rapidly Progressive Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Patient With HIV and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a localized skin disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. We present the case of a 57-year-old man with controlled HIV infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with a rapidly progressing ulcerative lesion on the anterior part of the left leg. The lesion measured approximately 10 cm in diameter and 3 cm in depth and had been present for two months. The diagnosis was confirmed by a microscopic blood smear. The patient received intravenous meglumine antimoniate for 20 days without complications, achieving significant clinical improvement, considering the risk factors associated with coexisting diseases. Glycemic control improved during treatment, with no evidence of renal or hepatic toxicity. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed patients. Additionally, prompt identification and management of untreated comorbidities are essential to achieve a favorable outcome. Improving diagnostic sensitivity and specificity through advanced testing is crucial for early intervention and timely treatment initiation.