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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature01:27

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
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Food spoilage is caused by microbial growth or by chemical and physical changes, all of which affect the taste, texture, and safety of food.Temperature-Based PreservationRefrigeration at 0–4 °C slows microbial growth and enzyme activity, making it ideal for short-term storage. However, certain spoilage organisms—such as psychrotrophs like Listeria monocytogenes—can still proliferate at these temperatures. Freezing below -18 °C further slows biological processes by forming ice crystals, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Cryopreservation of Cortical Tissue Blocks for the Generation of Highly Enriched Neuronal Cultures
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Nature-Inspired Multidisciplinary Strategies for Tissue and Organ Cryopreservation.

Zhang Liu1, Caixia Han1, Lingqi Wang1

  • 1Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cryopreservation faces ice damage and biological stress. Nature-inspired strategies, including novel cryoprotectants and rewarming methods, offer promising solutions for organ banking and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
antifreeze proteinscold adaptationcryopreservationorgan transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Cryobiology
  • Organ transplantation

Background:

  • Cryopreservation is vital for biomedicine, but faces challenges like ice damage and cellular stress.
  • Organ preservation and transplantation are limited by current cryopreservation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review obstacles in cryopreservation and explore nature-inspired solutions.
  • To discuss advancements in cryoprotection inspired by biological cold adaptation.
  • To propose novel cryoprotectant strategies for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Examining biological cold-survival mechanisms in organisms.
  • Investigating cryoprotective strategies like deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ice-binding proteins (IBPs).
  • Reviewing advances in artificial ice-controlling molecules, materials, and nanoparticle-based rewarming.

Main Results:

  • Organisms employ complex stress responses and physical ice control for cold survival.
  • Innovative cryoprotection involves applying cold-adaptation biology and developing artificial ice-control agents.
  • Nanoparticle-assisted rewarming shows promise for improving cryopreservation outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Translating laboratory cryopreservation innovations to clinical practice remains challenging.
  • A multi-component "cocktail" cryoprotectant combining nanoparticles, polymers, and metabolic modulators is proposed.
  • This approach could revolutionize organ banking and regenerative therapies.