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Highly Sensitive THz SPR Biosensor Based on Graphene-Coupled Prism Otto Structure.

Yu Xie1, Zean Shen1, Mingming Zhang1

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.

Biosensors
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel terahertz (THz) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor using graphene. The sensor demonstrates tunable performance and high sensitivity for chemical detection and medical diagnostics.

Keywords:
grapheneoptical biosensorsurface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a label-free optical technique.
  • Graphene offers unique tunable electronic and optical properties.
  • Terahertz (THz) frequencies are suitable for label-free biosensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate a graphene-integrated Otto configuration for THz SPR biosensing.
  • To demonstrate tunable SPR behavior using magnetic field modulation of graphene conductivity.
  • To achieve high phase sensitivity for enhanced detection capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the proposed sensor design.
  • The Otto configuration was utilized for efficient coupling of THz waves.
  • Graphene's conductivity was modulated via an external magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • The proposed sensor exhibits tunable SPR behavior.
  • High phase sensitivity was achieved: up to 3.1043×10^5 deg RIU^-1 for liquid sensing and 2.5854×10^4 deg RIU^-1 for gas sensing.
  • The study establishes a foundational framework for magneto-optically tunable optical sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed THz SPR biosensor shows significant potential for sensitive chemical detection.
  • Magneto-optical tunability offers enhanced control over sensor performance.
  • This work paves the way for advanced optical sensors in medical diagnostics and chemical analysis.