Structural Brain Abnormalities, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies in Vertigo: A Case-Control Study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Radiology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Dizziness is a common symptom with diverse origins, including neurological, otolaryngological, and psychological factors.
• Diagnostic imaging like CT, X-rays, and ultrasound are used, with MRI being essential for detecting brain abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

• Identify structural brain changes associated with vertigo using MRI.
• Assess the effectiveness of pre-MRI diagnostic approaches.
• Evaluate current treatment strategies for vertigo.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 232 vertigo patients and 232 controls.
• Analysis of MRI findings, pre-MRI examinations, patient symptoms, and treatment outcomes.
• Statistical analysis using chi-square and t-tests to compare groups (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

• Vertigo patients showed significantly higher frequencies of white matter lesions, lacunar infarcts, Circle of Willis variations, and sinusitis (p < 0.05).
• Pre-MRI diagnostics identified atherosclerosis and spondylosis.
• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) was the most common post-MRI diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• MRI is effective in identifying structural brain changes linked to vertigo.
• Pre-MRI assessments are crucial for excluding vascular and musculoskeletal etiologies.
• A multidisciplinary approach combining lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and medication is recommended for vertigo management.