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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
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Measuring Emotion Perception Ability Using AI-Generated Stimuli: Development and Validation of the PAGE Test.

Ben Weidmann1, Yixian Xu2

  • 1Social Research Institute, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK.

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|September 26, 2025
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Summary

We developed a new tool, Perceiving AI Generated Emotions (PAGE), to measure emotion perception. PAGE scores accurately predict managers' contributions to team success, demonstrating its utility in assessing non-cognitive skills.

Keywords:
emotion perceptiongenerative AImanagementmeasurementteamwork

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Accurate emotion perception is crucial for social cognition and effective teamwork.
  • Traditional emotion perception assessments can be costly and time-consuming to develop.
  • Generative AI offers a novel approach to creating diverse and customizable assessment stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a new measure of emotion perception, Perceiving AI Generated Emotions (PAGE).
  • To explore the potential of generative AI in developing non-cognitive skill assessments.
  • To examine the predictive validity of PAGE scores for managerial contributions to group success.

Main Methods:

  • Development of PAGE using generative AI to create stimuli depicting 20 emotions across diverse faces and ages.
  • Validation of the image set and test construction (Study 1).
  • Assessment of psychometric properties, including reliability and convergent validity (Study 2).
  • Exploration of predictive validity through a lab experiment on managerial contributions (Study 3).

Main Results:

  • The PAGE test demonstrated strong reliability and convergent validity.
  • PAGE scores significantly predicted managers' causal contributions to group success.
  • This predictive relationship remained robust after controlling for personality and demographic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Generative AI provides a cost-effective method for developing customizable non-cognitive skill assessments.
  • PAGE is a reliable and valid measure of emotion perception with practical applications in team and leadership assessment.
  • Automating the development of such assessments using AI can streamline research and practical applications in organizational psychology.