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A Field-Based Screening Protocol for Hamstring Injury Risk in Football Players: Evaluating Its Functionality Using

Nikolaos I Liveris1, Charis Tsarbou1, George Papageorgiou2

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies key factors for hamstring injury risk in athletes. A practical screening protocol helps sports scientists assess injury risk on the field.

Keywords:
athletes’ screeningfield-based testinginjury preventionrisk factors assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Hamstring injuries are common in football, impacting athlete performance and career longevity.
  • Effective screening protocols are needed to identify athletes at risk of hamstring injuries.
  • Previous research has identified numerous risk factors, but a consolidated, practical approach is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a practical, field-based screening protocol for evaluating hamstring injury risk.
  • To identify the most significant contributing factors to hamstring injury risk through statistical analysis.
  • To provide sports scientists with a tool for proactive injury management in football players.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 99 professional and semi-professional football players during preseason.
  • Data collection included demographic, injury history, burnout (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire - ABQ), hamstring flexibility, hamstring and quadriceps strength, hop distance, core endurance, and hamstring strength endurance.
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis was employed for dimension reduction and risk factor identification.

Main Results:

  • A parsimonious model of six main risk factors was identified, explaining 55.7% of the total variance.
  • Key factors include hamstring and core endurance (20.2%), hamstring strength (12.8%), previous injuries (8.9%), ABQ (5.8%), lower limb strength (4.1%), and limb symmetry (3.8%).
  • The model provides a practical, field-based approach to risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed screening protocol offers a practical solution for evaluating hamstring injury risk in field settings.
  • Identifying these six factors allows for targeted interventions and injury prevention strategies.
  • This research supports sports scientists in managing hamstring injury risk more effectively in football.