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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

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The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Elements Crucial for Effective Psychotherapy01:25

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Research has highlighted several critical factors that influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy, such as the therapeutic alliance, the therapist, and the client.
The Therapeutic Alliance
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Guidelines for Writing Outcome01:11

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When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
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Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching III: Evaluation and Documentation01:20

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Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
Nurses can use several methods to evaluate patient outcomes. For example, oral questions can assess cognitive learning,...
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Dysrhythmias VII: Nursing Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

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Nursing management of dysrhythmias involves the following:AssessmentSubjective Assessment:The initial step involves gathering patient-reported symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and chest discomfort. It is crucial to collect a detailed history, including previous heart conditions, current medication use, and lifestyle factors like caffeine and alcohol consumption.Objective Assessment:This involves observing clinical signs such as jugular venous distention, cool and pale skin, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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How Patients Guide Therapy: A Pilot Study on the Development and Reliability of the Patient Coaching Rating System.

Elizabeth Li1, James McCollum2, David Kealy3

  • 1Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London & Anna Freud Centre, London.

American Journal of Psychotherapy
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the Patient Coaching Rating System (PCRS) to measure patient coaching in therapy. The PCRS demonstrated good reliability, supporting its use in future psychotherapy research.

Keywords:
Coding ManualControl-Mastery TheoryPatient CoachingRating ScaleReliability Assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Psychotherapy Research
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Communication in Therapy

Background:

  • Patient coaching, patient-initiated communication, is vital for understanding therapy dynamics.
  • Empirical research on patient coaching is limited due to labor-intensive assessment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the Patient Coaching Rating System (PCRS) for assessing patient coaching.
  • Evaluate the reliability of the PCRS in measuring information and direction coaching.

Main Methods:

  • Seven raters applied the PCRS to 22 psychotherapy session segments.
  • Segments were rated on information coaching and direction coaching using a 0-4 scale.

Main Results:

  • Information coaching achieved an interrater reliability of 0.86 (excellent).
  • Direction coaching achieved an interrater reliability of 0.68 (moderate to good).

Conclusions:

  • The PCRS offers a structured method for assessing patient coaching.
  • This system facilitates empirical investigation of patient coaching in psychotherapy.