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Metallic Lead Formation in Perovskites: Mechanisms, Suppression, and Future Directions
Ahmed L Abdelhady1,2, Shakil N Afraj1,2, Yuki Haruta3
1Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.
ACS Nano
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Metallic lead (Pb0) formation degrades optoelectronic devices like solar cells. This review explores Pb0 origins and suppression strategies, such as compositional engineering and passivation, to enhance perovskite device stability and performance.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Optoelectronics
- Chemistry
Background:
- Lead halide perovskites (APbX3) are crucial for optoelectronics (solar cells, LEDs).
- Metallic lead (Pb0) formation is a major challenge, causing defects and performance degradation.
- Pb0 forms post-synthesis under radiation, light, heat, and moisture, and during crystallization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanisms of Pb0 formation in perovskites.
- To review strategies for suppressing Pb0 formation.
- To identify pathways for improving perovskite device stability and performance.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on Pb0 formation mechanisms.
- Analysis of compositional engineering approaches.
- Evaluation of passivation techniques for Pb0 suppression.
Main Results:
- Detailed discussion of Pb0 formation origins under various conditions.
- Exploration of compositional engineering and passivation strategies.
- Identification of key factors influencing Pb0 formation.
Conclusions:
- Understanding Pb0 formation mechanisms is critical for perovskite stability.
- Compositional engineering and passivation are effective suppression strategies.
- Addressing Pb0 formation is essential for commercializing perovskite optoelectronics.
