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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

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Resonant Axion-Plasmon Conversion in Neutron Star Magnetospheres.

H Terças^1,2, J T Mendonça², R Bingham^3,4

¹Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.

Physical Review Letters

|September 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Resonant axion-plasmon conversion in magnetars reduces expected radio signals for dark-matter axion detection. This necessitates reassessing current experimental constraints and refining future astrophysical axion search strategies.

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Area of Science:

Astrophysics
Particle Physics
Cosmology

Background:

Magnetars possess strong magnetic fields and dense plasma environments.
Axions are hypothetical dark matter particles that can convert to photons.
Previous dark matter searches focused on axion-photon conversion without considering plasmon interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of resonant axion-plasmon conversion on axion-photon signals from magnetars.
To determine how this conversion affects dark-matter axion detection sensitivities.
To re-evaluate experimental constraints for astrophysical axion searches.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of resonant axion-plasmon conversion within magnetar magnetospheres.
Modeling the modification of axion-photon conversion rates and resulting photon flux.
Assessing the impact on radio telescope sensitivities and exclusion regions.

Main Results:

Resonant axion-plasmon conversion introduces nonradiative power loss, diminishing photon flux.
This effect reduces the sensitivity of radio telescopes for axion detection.
The conversion modifies expected radio signals, potentially shifting exclusion regions for experiments.

Conclusions:

Axion-plasmon conversion is a critical factor in magnetar environments affecting axion detection.
Current experimental constraints may need revision due to these plasmon effects.
Future dark matter axion experiments must incorporate these findings for improved strategies.