Fetal bladder rupture: A systematic review and management recommendations.
Jonathan Aichner1, Tobias Jhala2, Philipp Szavay1
1Department for Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Central Switzerland, Lucerne 16, 6000, Switzerland.
Journal of Pediatric Urology
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Prenatal bladder rupture, a rare condition, often requires intervention for lower urinary tract obstruction. Management varies, but conservative approaches with catheter drainage and ascites management are often successful, though surgical options exist.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Neonatology
Background:
- Prenatal bladder rupture is a rare congenital anomaly.
- Limited data and textbook coverage pose diagnostic and management challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide clinical recommendations for managing prenatal bladder rupture.
- To synthesize current knowledge on this condition.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct databases.
- Adherence to PRISMA guidelines and JBI checklist.
- Analysis of 28 cases from 27 eligible publications.
Main Results:
- Associated with lower urinary tract obstruction and maternal opioid use.
- Defect variability, prenatal resolution, and diverse neonatal presentations (asymptomatic to requiring life support).
- Conservative management (bladder drainage, ascites management) often leads to spontaneous closure; surgery is an alternative if conservative methods fail.
Conclusions:
- Management is variable, necessitating multidisciplinary decision-making.
- Favorable outcomes are generally reported, but follow-up data are often limited.
- Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for prenatal bladder rupture.
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