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Dendrimer-based DNA biosensor for HIV virus detection.

Estefanía Enebral Romero1, Marta Toldos-Torres2, David López-Diego3

  • 1Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|September 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel electrochemical DNA biosensor for rapid and sensitive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection. The innovative platform utilizes few-layer bismuthene and DNA dendrimers for early diagnosis, showing high stability and accuracy in patient samples.

Keywords:
Azure A (AA)DNA biosensorDNA dendrimerFew-layer bismuthene (FLB)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Early and accurate detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.
  • Existing diagnostic methods may lack the desired sensitivity, speed, or selectivity.
  • Development of novel biosensing platforms is needed to overcome current limitations in HIV diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative electrochemical DNA biosensor for early, rapid, selective, and sensitive detection of HIV.
  • To utilize few-layer bismuthene (FLB) and DNA dendrimers for enhanced biosensor performance.
  • To validate the biosensor's efficacy using clinical plasma samples.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an electrochemical biosensor integrating few-layer bismuthene (FLB) for nanostructured surface.
  • Immobilization of a DNA dendrimer functionalized with a capture probe complementary to HIV DNA.
  • Detection of target HIV DNA sequence hybridization via Azure A (AA) redox indicator.
  • Performance evaluation including selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, and stability.
  • Validation with human plasma samples from HIV-infected patients.

Main Results:

  • The DNA biosensor demonstrated selective detection of HIV across a concentration range of 10.0 fM to 10.0 pM.
  • A low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.03 fM was achieved.
  • The biosensor exhibited excellent stability over a 60-day period.
  • Successful validation was performed using plasma samples from HIV-infected individuals with diverse viral loads.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electrochemical DNA biosensor offers a promising tool for early, rapid, and sensitive HIV detection.
  • The integration of FLB and DNA dendrimers significantly enhances biosensor capabilities.
  • The platform shows potential for clinical application in HIV diagnostics.