The consequences of traditional cervical cauterization on cervical integrity and pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

This cross-sectional observational study involved 1052 non-pregnant women aged 18-65 who had undergone TCC and sought care at a tertiary-level gynecology clinic. We documented participants' medical histories, Pap smear results, and TCC histories. Pap smear results were analyzed using the 2014 Bethesda classification, and obstetric outcomes, including pregnancies, deliveries, miscarriages, and preterm births (PTD), were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. This cross-sectional observational study involved 1052 non-pregnant women aged 18-65 who had undergone TCC and sought care at a tertiary-level gynecology clinic. We documented participants' medical histories, Pap smear results, and TCC histories. Pap smear results were analyzed using the 2014 Bethesda classification, and obstetric outcomes, including pregnancies, deliveries, miscarriages, and preterm births (PTD), were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 34.4 ± 7.4 years. Abnormal Pap smear results were observed in 11.5% of patients, with a higher prevalence (29.9%) among those who underwent TCC within the last year. The frequency of TCC was inversely related to the rate of abnormal smear results (p < 0.005). However, frequent TCC procedures were associated with significantly increased rates of abortion (18.9%) and PTD (10.3%) (both p < 0.005). While the time elapsed since the last TCC procedure influenced abortion and PTD rates, both were statistically significant (p = 0.016 and p = 0.029, respectively). TCC is associated with a higher incidence of cervical abnormalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly when performed more frequently. These findings suggest a potential link between TCC and disruptions in cervical health, which may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, underscoring the need for cautious use and further research. Educating communities about the potential risks and advocating for safer medical practices are crucial steps towards improving gynecological and obstetric care in regions where TCC is still prevalent.