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Longitudinal changes in sleep quality, and their predictors in patients with multiple sclerosis
Habin Yun1, Dayoung Seo1,2, Yumin Jin1
1University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
Scientific Reports
|September 27, 2025
Summary
Poor sleep quality is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and linked to reduced quality of life. Depression and optic dysfunction severity predict persistent sleep issues, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in MS care.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Sleep Medicine
- Quality of Life Research
Background:
- Sleep disturbances are frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
- The longitudinal patterns and clinical factors influencing sleep in PwMS are not well understood.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess sleep quality in PwMS.
- To investigate the association between sleep quality and quality of life.
- To evaluate the long-term trajectory and clinical predictors of sleep disturbances in MS.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study of 118 patients with MS (no recent relapse).
- Sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline and 6-12 months.
- Clinical factors, including optic Functional Systems scores and depression, were analyzed for their association with PSQI scores.
Main Results:
- 54% of PwMS were poor sleepers (PSQI > 5) at baseline, with a similar prevalence (53%) at follow-up.
- Poor sleep quality independently correlated with a lower quality of life.
- Baseline optic Functional Systems scores and depression independently predicted both current and future PSQI scores.
Conclusions:
- Poor sleep quality is a common and persistent issue for patients with multiple sclerosis.
- Depression and the severity of optic dysfunction are significant predictors of sleep disturbances in MS.
- Targeted sleep management strategies are essential components of comprehensive care for PwMS.
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