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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Trauma-Informed Understanding of Depression Among Justice-Involved Youth.

Richard Dembo1, Alexis Swezey2, Rachel Herrera2

  • 1Criminology Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sexual assault significantly predict depression in justice-involved youth. These trauma impacts are evident across genders and racial groups, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Keywords:
depressiondepression among youth sexual victimizationjustice involved youth trauma

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Depression is a significant mental health concern among justice-involved youth.
  • Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are strongly associated with depression, particularly in high-risk populations.
  • Previous research indicates a correlation between childhood conduct problems and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relationships between ACEs, sexual assault victimization, and depression in male and female justice-involved youth.
  • To examine these relationships across different racial groups (Black and non-Black youth).
  • To contribute to the understanding of trauma's impact on depression symptoms in vulnerable adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted on data from 324 justice-involved youth (226 male, 98 female).
  • Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to estimate a latent variable for depression.
  • The trauma/stress experiences and depression model was analyzed across gender and race groups.

Main Results:

  • Depression was found to be scalar invariant across groups, allowing for direct comparisons.
  • Sexual assault and ACEs were significant predictors of depression for both male and female youth.
  • For Black youth, both sexual assault and ACEs were significantly related to depression; sexual assault predicted depression in non-Black youth as well.

Conclusions:

  • Abuse trauma and ACEs play a crucial role in understanding depression symptoms among justice-involved youth.
  • The findings underscore the importance of addressing sexual assault and ACEs in mental health interventions for this population.
  • The study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay of trauma, race, gender, and depression in juvenile justice settings.