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A Stratified Analysis of the Associations of Hearing Loss and Allergic Rhinitis with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

Bo Ram Yang1,2, Bong Jik Kim3,4,5

  • 1Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hearing loss and allergic rhinitis are linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The association was stronger when both conditions were present, particularly hearing loss in girls, suggesting it may be an independent ADHD risk factor.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Comorbidities such as hearing loss and allergic rhinitis may influence ADHD presentation and severity.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for comprehensive pediatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between hearing loss and allergic rhinitis with ADHD in a pediatric population.
  • To determine if the combined presence of hearing loss and allergic rhinitis strengthens the association with ADHD.
  • To explore potential sex-based differences in the association between hearing loss and ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional, population-based study design.
  • Utilized data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database (2009-2018).
  • Analyzed baseline demographics and the relationships between hearing loss, allergic rhinitis, and ADHD.

Main Results:

  • Both hearing loss and allergic rhinitis were significantly associated with ADHD.
  • Patients with both conditions exhibited a stronger association with ADHD compared to those with a single condition.
  • The association between hearing loss and ADHD was notably stronger in girls than in boys.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing loss and allergic rhinitis are independently associated with ADHD in children.
  • The co-occurrence of hearing loss and allergic rhinitis amplifies the association with ADHD.
  • Hearing loss may represent an independent risk factor for ADHD, with a potentially stronger impact in girls.

Keywords:
allergic rhinitisassociationattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)big datahearing loss

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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