Association Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors Use and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: Findings From...

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Pharmacovigilance
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management often involves various antidiabetic medications.
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are commonly prescribed T2DM therapies.
• The potential association between these drug classes and acute pancreatitis (AP) requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between SGLT2i or DPP-4i use and the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP).
• To evaluate the safety profile of SGLT2i and DPP-4i concerning AP risk in T2DM patients.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the Korean national health insurance claims database (2018-2020).
• Employed a case-case-time-control design and a nested case-control study.
• Analyzed prescription data for SGLT2i and DPP-4i in relation to AP diagnosis (ICD-10 code K85.x).

Main Results:

• A total of 7,219 AP cases were analyzed.
• Neither SGLT2i nor DPP-4i showed a significant association with an increased risk of AP in the case-case-time-control analysis.
• The nested case-control study confirmed no association between SGLT2i or DPP-4i use and AP risk within a 30-day window.

Conclusions:

• SGLT2i and DPP-4i are not associated with an increased risk of AP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• These findings support the continued use of SGLT2i and DPP-4i in T2DM management without heightened AP concerns.
• The study provides robust evidence on the safety of these antidiabetic drug classes regarding AP risk.