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Immersive Technologies Targeting Spatial Memory Decline: A Systematic Review.

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Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) show promise for assessing and rehabilitating spatial memory in aging adults. These technologies offer a more ecologically valid approach to detecting early cognitive decline and supporting interventions.

Keywords:
agingcognitive assessmentimmersive technologymixed realitynavigationneuropsychologyspatial memoryvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Aging populations require early detection of neurodegenerative diseases to preserve cognitive health.
  • Spatial memory decline is an early indicator of neurodegeneration, but traditional assessments lack real-world applicability.
  • Immersive technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) offer novel approaches to spatial memory evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the use of VR and MR in assessing and rehabilitating spatial memory in older adults and at-risk populations.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity, ecological validity, and user engagement of immersive spatial memory tools.
  • To identify benefits, limitations, and practical challenges of VR/MR applications in cognitive assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 42 peer-reviewed studies.
  • Searches conducted across SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases.
  • Inclusion criteria: studies assessing spatial memory using VR/MR in adults aged ≥50 or neurodegenerative risk populations, reporting quantitative data or diagnostic validity.

Main Results:

  • Significant variability observed in diagnostic sensitivity, ecological validity, and user engagement across different VR/MR platforms.
  • Immersive environments demonstrate potential for early detection of spatial disorientation and cognitive decline.
  • VR/MR tools show particular promise for individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Conclusions:

  • Immersive and semi-immersive VR technologies are advancing spatial memory assessment and rehabilitation.
  • These technologies offer scalable solutions for clinical and home-based interventions in aging populations.
  • VR/MR presents a promising avenue for maintaining cognitive function and independence in later life.