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Post-Quantum Security of COPA.

Ping Zhang1,2, Yutao Wang1,2

  • 1School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.

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|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes the quantum privacy of the COPA cipher, introducing COPA-ISDP to ensure indistinguishability under quantum chosen-plaintext attack (IND-qCPA) and existential unforgeability under quantum chosen-message attack (EUF-qCMA).

Keywords:
COPASimon’s algorithmexistentially unforgeable under quantum chosen message attack (EUF-qCMA)indistinguishable under quantum chosen-plaintext attack (IND-qCPA)post-quantum security

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Area of Science:

  • Cryptography
  • Quantum Computing Security

Background:

  • COPA is a winning authenticated cipher from the CAESAR competition.
  • Existing research addresses quantum existential forgery (EUF-qCMA) but not quantum privacy.
  • Quantum attacks pose a threat to cipher confidentiality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide the first IND-qCPA security analysis for COPA.
  • To enhance COPA's security against quantum attacks.
  • To propose a post-quantum secure cipher design.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the first IND-qCPA security analysis for COPA.
  • Introduced intermediate state doubling-point technology.
  • Restricted associated data non-emptiness to create COPA-ISDP.

Main Results:

  • Established the IND-qCPA security of COPA.
  • Presented COPA-ISDP, an enhanced variant with IND-qCPA and EUF-qCMA security.
  • Demonstrated resistance to quantum existential forgery and distinguishing attacks.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed COPA-ISDP offers enhanced post-quantum security.
  • The intermediate state doubling-point technology is effective against quantum attacks.
  • This work provides a simple, effective design for post-quantum cryptography.