Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.1K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.1K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.6K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.6K
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.0K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.0K
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

4.3K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
4.3K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

10.4K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.4K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

14.0K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
14.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The redox chemistry of La<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>Cr<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3-<i>δ</i></sub> and its application in high capacity anodes of oxygen ion batteries.

Journal of materials chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Translating magnetic fluid hyperthermia toward lung cancer treatment.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Exploring the gap between theory and experiment at the three-phase contact line of polystyrene droplets on soft PDMS.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

From the Archives: Chemical Study of Royal Seal Cords using Mass Spectrometric Techniques.

ChemPlusChem·2025
Same author

Fe leaking from orthodontic appliances affects buccal enamel more than lingual during in vitro experiment.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Feasibility, acceptance and effects of pulsed magnetic field therapy in patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome : A randomized controlled pilot study.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2025
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

13.9K

A Model Framework for Ion Channels with Selectivity Filters Based on Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics.

Christine Keller1, Manuel Landstorfer1, Jürgen Fuhrmann1

  • 1Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS), Mohrenstr. 39, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new model framework accurately describes ion transport in nanopores, including finite ion size and solvation effects. It successfully predicts ion channel behavior and the anomalous mole fraction effect (AMFE).

Keywords:
Poisson–Nernst–Planck modelingion channel modelingnon-equilibrium thermodynamicsselective ion transportsize-exclusion

More Related Videos

Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay
10:41

Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay

Published on: March 7, 2018

8.7K
Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

13.9K
Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay
10:41

Capturing the Interaction Kinetics of an Ion Channel Protein with Small Molecules by the Bio-layer Interferometry Assay

Published on: March 7, 2018

8.7K
Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Biophysics
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Understanding ion transport in nanopores is crucial for biological systems and nanotechnology.
  • Existing models like Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) have limitations in capturing complex phenomena.
  • Finite ion size and solvation effects significantly influence ion selectivity and transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a thermodynamically consistent model framework for ion transport in nanopores.
  • To extend the classical PNP system by incorporating finite ion size and solvation.
  • To accurately model the selectivity filter and predict experimental observations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a continuum model unifying electro-diffusion and selective ion transport.
  • Treated the selectivity filter as an embedded domain with adaptable chemical properties and mobility.
  • Incorporated finite ion size and solvation effects into the model framework.

Main Results:

  • Achieved good agreement with experimental current-voltage (IV) characteristics for an L-type calcium ion channel.
  • Successfully captured the anomalous mole fraction effect (AMFE) for varying ion concentrations.
  • Demonstrated that surface charge, ion mobility, and available space influence ion currents.

Conclusions:

  • Negative charges in the pore are critical for selective transport of divalent over monovalent ions.
  • AMFE arises from competition and binding effects in multi-ion environments.
  • The flexible model framework is applicable to diverse nanopore systems, including biological and synthetic channels.