Harnessing Mitochondrial Function for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Unlocking Antioxidant Power

Post-stroke rehabilitation has evolved to encompass advanced approaches that aim to optimize recovery for ischemic stroke survivors. Despite this progress, recovery remains limited, partly due to persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that contribute to neuronal and muscular impairment. One such promising avenue is the stimulation of antioxidant capacity and the enhancement of mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are crucial for energy production and neuroprotection, which are essential for neurorecovery. This review explores the mechanisms involved in the role of mitochondrial function and antioxidant therapies, focusing on motor recovery after ischemic stroke and "brain-muscle axis" interplay in post-stroke rehabilitation. A comprehensive synthesis of clinical trial data is provided, highlighting interventions targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox regulation, and mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, the review delves into the potential of recent mitochondrial-targeted therapies as adjuncts to traditional rehabilitation techniques, providing a more holistic approach to recovery. Emerging evidence suggests these therapies can reduce oxidative injury and support neuroplasticity; however, translation into consistent clinical benefit remains uncertain due to heterogeneity in study designs, endpoints, and patient populations. By understanding and leveraging the dynamics of mitochondrial function, healthcare providers can significantly enhance the rehabilitation outcomes for people with a range of conditions, from musculoskeletal disorders to neurological impairments.