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Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer cell proliferation is often targeted by blocking the MAPK pathway.
  • Drug resistance and KRAS mutations limit the effectiveness of current cancer therapies.
  • Ribonuclease binase from Bacillus pumilus interacts with EGFR and RAS, inhibiting this pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, optimize, and characterize a novel complex for prolonged release of antitumor binase.
  • To immobilize binase on microgranular clinoptilolite-containing rock for sustained gastrointestinal release.
  • To evaluate the antitumor and detoxifying properties of the developed complex.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of clinoptilolite carrier using electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) and computed tomography.
  • Measurement of binase particle size via atomic force microscopy.
  • Assessment of binase stability and activity using calorimetry and model gastrointestinal fluids.

Main Results:

  • The carrier's granularity, porosity, and elemental composition were analyzed.
  • Binase particles (7 nm) effectively penetrated the carrier's pores.
  • Binase demonstrated stability at high temperatures and retained activity in simulated GI fluids.
  • The complex exhibited gradual enzyme release over 20 hours, showing cytotoxicity against adenocarcinoma cells.

Conclusions:

  • A novel long-acting complex of antitumor binase immobilized on clinoptilolite was successfully created.
  • The complex demonstrates sustained release and potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
  • This system offers a promising approach for long-acting antitumor and detoxifying therapy.