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Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Literature Review
Lavinia Caba1, Andreea Florea1,2, Petru Cianga3,4
1Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Genes
|September 27, 2025
Summary
Genetics is a key factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) development. Genetic variants and epigenetic changes influence UC onset and progression by affecting inflammation and immune responses.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with increasing global incidence.
- UC pathogenesis involves complex interactions between host genetics, gut microbiota, and environmental factors.
- UC is recognized as a multifactorial disorder influencing its onset and relapsing course.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current literature on genes and mechanisms implicated in ulcerative colitis.
- To explore the interplay between genetic susceptibility and immunological factors in UC.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review methodology was employed.
- Literature synthesis focused on genes, genetic variants, and epigenetic modifications related to UC.
Main Results:
- Genetics represents the most significant independent risk factor for ulcerative colitis.
- Candidate genes associated with inflammation, immune regulation, and epithelial permeability are crucial.
- Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified numerous UC-associated gene polymorphisms.
- Genetic predisposition involves predisposing variants and epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and microRNAs.
Conclusions:
- This review highlights the critical role of genetic factors in ulcerative colitis.
- Interactions between gene products linked to UC and immunological factors share common pathogenic mechanisms.
- Understanding these genetic and immunological interactions is vital for UC management.
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