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Inflammation, Autonomic Control, and Adiposity in Adolescents: Links to Early Cardiovascular Risk.

Vladimir Micieta1, Ingrid Tonhajzerova1, Nikola Ferencova1,2

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Cardiovascular risk factors like inflammation and adiposity are linked to heart rate variability in adolescents. These associations differ significantly between males and females, highlighting potential sex-specific prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Adolescent Health
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) often develop from processes starting in adolescence.
  • Early detection of cardiovascular risk in adolescents is crucial for effective prevention.
  • Understanding the interplay of inflammation, cardiac autonomic control, and adiposity is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between inflammatory markers, heart rate variability (HRV), and adiposity in healthy adolescents.
  • To examine sex-specific differences in these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 90 healthy adolescents (mean age 15.8 years).
  • Comprehensive evaluation of inflammatory markers, HRV indices, and adiposity measures (BMI).
  • Sex-stratified statistical analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • Mixed associations between inflammatory markers and HRV in the overall adolescent group.
  • Negative associations between inflammation and HRV in males; positive associations in females.
  • Predominantly positive associations between inflammation and adiposity in the overall group and females.
  • Contrasting negative associations between inflammation and adiposity were observed in males.

Conclusions:

  • Early cardiovascular risk pathways in adolescents appear to be sex-dependent.
  • Inflammatory markers, HRV, and adiposity show distinct associations based on sex.
  • Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these sex-specific, early-onset cardiovascular vulnerability patterns.