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Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Postpartum Period: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Greyce Minarini1, Eliane Lima1, Karla Figueiredo2

  • 1Center for Health Sciences, Maruípe Campus, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1.468, Vitória 29047-105, ES, Brazil.

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Early formula use significantly hinders exclusive breastfeeding initiation and maintenance. Factors like maternal education, number of pregnancies, and healthcare support are crucial for successful breastfeeding practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Public Health
  • Lactation Science

Background:

  • Breastfeeding is vital for maternal and infant well-being.
  • Numerous factors influence breastfeeding success.
  • Understanding these factors is key to improving infant and maternal health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors associated with breastfeeding type in infants aged 0-12 weeks.
  • To identify key determinants for initiating and maintaining exclusive breastfeeding.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods convergent study involving 296 mothers and neonates (≥34 weeks gestation).
  • Quantitative data collected via telephone at 14, 40, and 90 days postpartum.
  • Qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews, with integrated analysis using R 4.3.3 software.

Main Results:

  • Insufficient breastfeeding counseling despite high prenatal care adherence.
  • Maternal education, number of pregnancies, delivery mode, and skin-to-skin contact influenced breastfeeding.
  • Early formula supplementation within 48 hours postpartum was a significant barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Exclusive breastfeeding duration is influenced by prenatal care, maternal factors, delivery method, and early formula use.
  • Early formula introduction in maternity wards impedes breastfeeding.
  • Integrated public policies and multidisciplinary support are essential for promoting breastfeeding.