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Leukocyte-Based Inflammatory Profiles Across Dyslipidemia Phenotypes: Patterns of Eosinophil-Related Indices
Yazeed Alshuweishi1, Muath Alsaidan2, Ahmed M Basudan1
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Eosinophil-related inflammation markers, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and eosinophil-adjusted systemic inflammation response index (EA-SIRI), are elevated in dyslipidemia. These markers may help identify inflammation-driven lipid disturbances.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Dyslipidemia is a key cardiovascular risk factor linked to chronic inflammation.
- Leukocyte-derived inflammatory markers are studied in dyslipidemia, but eosinophil markers are less explored.
- Eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and eosinophil-adjusted systemic inflammation response index (EA-SIRI) are novel markers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate eosinophil-related inflammatory markers, ELR and EA-SIRI, in different dyslipidemia phenotypes.
- To determine the association between ELR, EA-SIRI, and lipid profiles.
- To assess the potential of ELR and EA-SIRI in identifying atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study classifying adult subjects into six dyslipidemia phenotypes.
- Evaluation of leukocyte-derived indices, including ELR and EA-SIRI, across groups.
- Statistical analyses included median comparisons, prevalence rates, odds ratios, and ROC curve analysis.
Main Results:
- Elevated ELR and EA-SIRI were observed in atherogenic and combined dyslipidemia compared to normolipidemic individuals.
- These patterns were more pronounced in younger males and females, indicating sex- and age-related differences.
- Higher ELR and EA-SIRI tertiles correlated with higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C.
- Elevated ELR and EA-SIRI significantly increased the odds of having atherogenic dyslipidemia (OR > 2).
- ROC analysis showed modest discriminative power for ELR (AUC=0.60) and EA-SIRI (AUC=0.62) in identifying atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Conclusions:
- Eosinophil-related inflammation plays a role in the immunometabolic dysregulation associated with dyslipidemia.
- ELR and EA-SIRI can provide insights into inflammation-driven lipid disturbances.
- These markers may aid in detecting subclinical inflammation in individuals with atherogenic lipid profiles.
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: Dyslipidemia, a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. While leukocyte-derived indices have been investigated in this context, eosinophil-related inflammatory markers remain underexplored. This study examined patterns of eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and eosinophil-adjusted systemic inflammation response index (EA-SIRI) across dyslipidemia phenotypes. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, adult subjects were classified into six dyslipidemia phenotypes. Leukocyte-derived indices were evaluated across groups, and analyses included comparisons of medians, prevalence rates, tertile distributions, odds ratios, and risk estimates. Results: Both ELR and EA-SIRI were significantly higher in individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia (ELR: 0.18; EA-SIRI: 1.53) and combined dyslipidemia (ELR: 0.17; EA-SIRI: 1.49) compared to the normolipidemic group (ELR: 0.11; EA-SIRI: 0.92). Notably, these patterns were more pronounced in males aged <40 years and younger females (<40), suggesting sex- and age-related variations in eosinophil-related inflammatory responses to dyslipidemia. Moreover, the highest tertiles of both ELR and EA-SIRI exhibited higher triglycerides and lower HDL-C compared to the lowest tertiles (p < 0.001). The odds of atherogenic dyslipidemia were more than doubled in individuals with elevated ELR (OR = 2.02; p < 0.001) and EA-SIRI (OR = 2.19; p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated modest discriminative power for identifying atherogenic dyslipidemia, with ELR and EA-SIRI yielding AUC of 0.60 (p < 0.001) and 0.62 (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest eosinophil-related inflammation contributes to immunometabolic dysregulation underlying dyslipidemia. ELR and EA-SIRI may offer insights into inflammation-driven lipid disturbances and help detect subclinical inflammatory activity associated with atherogenic lipid profiles.
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