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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma
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Ocular Surface Changes Associated with Neurological Diseases.

Reda Zemaitiene1, Gigi Gorgadze2, Laura Mockaitiene1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44037 Kaunas, Lithuania.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neurological disorders impact eye health, causing reduced blink rate and tear production. Early detection of Alzheimer

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseCharcot–Marie–Tooth diseaseGuillain-Barré syndromeParkinson’s diseasedry eye diseasemultiple sclerosisneurological diseaseocular surfacetrigeminal neuralgia

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Neurology
  • Neuro-ophthalmic disease mechanisms
  • Ocular surface disease research

Background:

  • Neurological disorders profoundly disrupt ocular surface homeostasis.
  • Key affected parameters include blink rate, tear production, corneal nerve density, and sensitivity.
  • Ocular manifestations are common across various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on ocular surface alterations in neurological diseases.
  • To highlight the role of ocular manifestations as potential biomarkers.
  • To emphasize the need for integrated patient care and research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current literature on neurological disorders and ocular surface changes.
  • Analysis of reported ocular symptoms and diagnostic findings.
  • Evaluation of potential biomarker utility, particularly in Alzheimer's disease.

Main Results:

  • Consistent ocular findings include reduced blink rate, decreased tear break-up time, impaired tear secretion, and corneal nerve fiber loss.
  • Alzheimer's disease shows potential for early detection via tear amyloid-beta and tau proteins.
  • Parkinson's disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, multiple sclerosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease exhibit distinct ocular surface dysfunctions.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular surface alterations are significant indicators of underlying neurological conditions.
  • Tear biomarkers offer promising avenues for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Increased awareness and research are crucial for advancing patient care and therapeutic strategies.