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Advances in Modeling the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: From Static Tissue Cell Cultures to Microphysiological Systems.

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Developing advanced in vitro models of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) is crucial for understanding vision-threatening diseases. These sophisticated microphysiological systems aid pharmaceutical research and drug discovery for ophthalmic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) is vital for retinal homeostasis and visual function.
  • iBRB dysfunction is implicated in numerous vision-threatening diseases.
  • Accurate in vitro models are essential for pharmaceutical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of in vitro models for the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB).
  • To highlight advancements in microphysiological systems (MPs) for modeling iBRB function and dysfunction.
  • To assess the utility of these models in ophthalmic drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of iBRB modeling techniques, from simple cell cultures to complex microfluidic platforms.
  • Analysis of diverse microphysiological systems (MPs) replicating iBRB structure and function.
  • Examination of strategies for cell sourcing, device design, flow dynamics, and functional readouts.

Main Results:

  • iBRB models have progressed from basic endothelial cell monolayers to sophisticated multicellular MPs.
  • Microfluidic platforms increasingly replicate key structural and functional aspects of the iBRB.
  • Various approaches exist for device design, cell sourcing, and functional assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced iBRB models, despite limitations, are valuable tools for pharmaceutical research.
  • These models facilitate drug screening and mechanistic studies for ophthalmic conditions.
  • They help bridge the translational gap in developing new ophthalmic therapies.