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Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

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Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
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Skeletal Muscle Aging: Enhancing Skeletal Muscle Integrity and Function as a Potential Pharmacological Approach.

Sibhghatulla Shaikh1,2, Khurshid Ahmad3, Jeong Ho Lim1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining skeletal muscle (SM) health is crucial for aging adults. This review explores biological, lifestyle, and novel interventions to combat age-related muscle loss and frailty.

Keywords:
agingaging factorsnatural compoundspharmacological activityskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Muscle Physiology
  • Focuses on the biological and lifestyle factors impacting skeletal muscle health in aging populations.

Background:

  • Global life expectancy is increasing, making skeletal muscle (SM) preservation vital for older adults' well-being.
  • Age-related decline in muscle mass, strength, and function leads to frailty, mobility issues, and increased disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze biological and lifestyle factors contributing to age-related skeletal muscle deterioration.
  • To identify intervention points by examining alterations in the SM extracellular matrix.
  • To discuss novel pharmacological and lifestyle strategies for preserving muscle mass and function in older individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biological and lifestyle factors affecting age-related muscle changes.
  • Analysis of structural and functional alterations in the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix.
  • Discussion of emerging pharmacological agents (peptides, natural compounds) and lifestyle interventions (exercise, nutrition, stress reduction).

Main Results:

  • Identified key biological and lifestyle factors driving age-related skeletal muscle decline.
  • Highlighted the role of the extracellular matrix in muscle wasting.
  • Presented a framework for understanding and intervening in muscle aging.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative pharmacological and lifestyle interventions show promise for mitigating muscle catabolism and enhancing resilience in older adults.
  • A combination of novel therapies and lifestyle adjustments is essential for preserving muscle mass and function.
  • This review serves as a comprehensive resource for professionals aiming to enhance functional capacity in the aging population.