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Andreea Loredana Birgovan Rhazzali1, Elena Simina Lakatos1,2, Lucian Ionel Cioca1,3

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Microbial systems offer sustainable solutions for agriculture and food, but scaling challenges remain. Harnessing these innovations requires addressing costs and public acceptance for a circular bioeconomy.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Sustainable Systems

Background:

  • Microorganisms are pivotal for sustainable agriculture, food production, waste management, bioenergy, and industrial bioprocessing.
  • These microbial applications are crucial for developing resilient food systems for the future.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the last 20 years of literature on microbial systems for sustainable applications.
  • To identify key advances, challenges, and future directions in harnessing microbes for a resilient food system.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review covering the past two decades.
  • Analysis of trends, innovations, and limitations in microbial applications for sustainability.

Main Results:

  • Key trends include metabolic engineering, omics technologies, integrated biorefineries, and digital monitoring.
  • Major advantages are reduced ecological impact, waste valorization, and diversified food sources.
  • Challenges include high scaling costs, regulatory hurdles, and limited public acceptance.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial innovations are catalysts for a circular bioeconomy and climate-resilient food systems.
  • A multi-stakeholder roadmap is proposed to accelerate the transition, overcoming current limitations.