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Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection: An Overview.

Vitor Duque1, Diana Duque2

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|September 27, 2025
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Summary

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection affects millions globally, increasing risks for severe liver disease. While new treatments like bulevirtide are emerging, effective cures for chronic HDV remain a critical unmet need.

Keywords:
coinfectionepidemiologyhepatitis deltasuperinfectiontreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection poses a significant, yet largely unknown, global health burden, potentially impacting 12 to 72 million individuals worldwide.
  • HDV infection, occurring exclusively in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals, significantly elevates the risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) mono-infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the current understanding of HDV infection burden and its clinical implications.
  • To discuss the availability of screening methods and the need for systematic HDV testing.
  • To review emerging therapeutic strategies and the critical need for novel treatments to cure HDV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological data on HDV prevalence.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes associated with chronic HDV infection.
  • Evaluation of current and developing therapeutic options for HDV.

Main Results:

  • The global burden of HDV infection is substantial but not precisely quantified, with significant prevalence in specific regions.
  • Chronic HDV infection is demonstrably more aggressive than HBV mono-infection, leading to poorer liver disease outcomes.
  • Bulevirtide represents a new treatment option, with other drugs like lonafarnib under investigation, indicating progress in therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic screening for HDV is essential due to its severe clinical impact and the inadequacy of current diagnostic approaches.
  • While new treatments are emerging, there is an urgent requirement for next-generation therapies to achieve a definitive cure for HDV infection.