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Patient trust in artificial intelligence for orthodontic advice: A systematic review
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)
|September 27, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots offer generally reliable orthodontic information for patient queries. While not replacing professional consultations, AI tools can assist with common questions, improving efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Artificial Intelligence
- Health Informatics
Background:
- Growing use of AI large language models for healthcare queries.
- Need to assess AI chatbot reliability in orthodontics.
Purpose of the Study:
- Systematic review of AI chatbot response reliability for orthodontic patient questions.
- Evaluate accuracy and quality of AI-generated orthodontic information.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase) from Jan 2022 to Feb 2025.
- Inclusion of cross-sectional studies only.
- Data screening, extraction, and risk of bias assessment.
Main Results:
- 13 of 105 studies met inclusion criteria.
- ChatGPT demonstrated accuracy rates of 68.7% and 92.6%, with good Likert scale and DISCERN scores.
- Bard and Gemini showed mixed results and lower scores, indicating performance inconsistencies.
Conclusions:
- AI chatbots, especially ChatGPT, provide generally reliable orthodontic information for routine patient queries.
- AI can serve as a valuable frontline support tool, managing common inquiries and potentially reducing clinician workload.
- AI should augment, not replace, professional orthodontic consultations, with final decisions resting with qualified professionals.
