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Innovative Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Modalities to Address Major Depression and Treatment-Resistant Depression: A
Batoul Mirbolouk1, Kosar Babaeian Roshani2, Ali Bahari Golamkaboudi1
1Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-Disciplinary Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Cell Journal
|September 28, 2025
Summary
Stem cell therapies show promise for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) when conventional treatments fail. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may restore brain function by reducing inflammation and promoting neuron growth.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions globally, with many patients unresponsive to standard antidepressant medications.
- Existing pharmacological treatments have limitations, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches for treatment-resistant depression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential of stem cell-based therapies as an alternative treatment for MDD.
- To explore the role of neuroinflammation in MDD and the therapeutic capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on molecular pathways in MDD-related neuroinflammation.
- Analysis of MSC immunomodulatory and neuroprotective mechanisms.
- Examination of MSC effects on neurogenesis and neurotransmitter balance.
Main Results:
- MDD involves neuroinflammation driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines, impairing neuroplasticity and increasing oxidative stress.
- MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties that can reduce inflammation and restore neurotransmitter homeostasis.
- MSCs secrete neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), offering neuroprotection against oxidative stress.
Conclusions:
- Stem cell therapies, particularly using MSCs, represent a promising avenue for treating MDD.
- MSCs may counteract MDD pathophysiology by reducing neuroinflammation, enhancing neurogenesis, and providing neuroprotection.
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