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A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

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Unsilenced inhibitory cortical ensemble gates remote memory retrieval.

Shaoli Wang¹, Tao Sheng¹, Feng Su²

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Minister of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

|September 28, 2025

Summary

Researchers identified specific inhibitory neurons that control dormant memory retrieval. Activating these GABAergic neurons recalls memories, while inactivating them prevents recall, revealing their role in memory access.

Keywords:

CP: Neuroscience anterior cingulate cortex memory retrieval memory storage remote memory

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Memory Research
Inhibitory Neuron Function

Background:

Acquired information is stored in remote memory but remains dormant until retrieval.
The mechanisms reactivating dormant memories are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural basis of dormant memory retrieval.
To identify specific neuronal populations involved in accessing remote memories.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous two-photon calcium imaging and holographic optogenetics in the anterior cingulate cortex.
In vivo experiments in rodent models.

Main Results:

A specific subset of GABAergic neurons was identified, showing persistent activity and synchronization during dormant memory retrieval.
Direct activation of these neurons triggered context-specific memory recall.
Inactivation of these neurons abolished context-induced memory retrieval.

Conclusions:

Unsilenced inhibitory cortical ensembles, specifically GABAergic neurons, play a crucial causal role in gating the retrieval of dormant remote memories.
These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying memory recall and accessibility.