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Virtual Reality and Music Effects on Skin Test Discomfort: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Summary

Virtual reality (VR) and music interventions significantly reduced pain, anxiety, and itching in children during skin prick tests. VR was particularly effective in lowering pain and respiratory rates.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pain Management
  • Psychosomatic Medicine
  • Medical Technology Integration

Background:

  • Skin prick testing is a common diagnostic procedure for children, often associated with pain, anxiety, and itching.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions are sought to improve the pediatric patient experience during medical procedures.
  • Virtual reality (VR) and music have shown potential in modulating pain perception and anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) and music interventions in mitigating pain, anxiety, itching, and vital sign changes in children undergoing skin prick tests.
  • To compare the effects of VR, music, and a control condition on pediatric patient responses during allergy testing.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 90 children, allocated equally into three groups: virtual reality (VR), music, and control.
  • Assessment of pain, anxiety, itching, and vital signs (heart rate, respiration rate) before, during, and after the skin prick test.

Main Results:

  • While sociodemographic characteristics and pre-procedural heart rates were similar across groups, VR intervention led to significantly lower pain scores and respiration rates during the skin prick test compared to music and control groups.
  • Both VR and music groups demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety, respiration rates, and itching at multiple time points post-procedure compared to the control group.
  • No significant differences were observed in overall anxiety and vital signs between the VR and music groups, except for pain and respiration rate.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual reality (VR) is highly effective in reducing pain and respiratory rate during skin prick testing.
  • Both VR and music interventions offer significant benefits in alleviating anxiety and itching in pediatric patients during allergy testing.
  • VR may be a superior adjunctive therapy for pain and physiological distress management in children undergoing skin prick tests.