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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

852
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
852
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

715
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
715

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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Sentence Comprehension and L2 Exposure Effects in 6-Year-Old Sequentially Bilingual Children With Typical Development

Sini Smolander1,2,3, Marja Laasonen1,3, Pekka Lahti-Nuuttila3,4

  • 1Department of Logopedics, School of Humanities, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Assessing bilingual children

Keywords:
child bilingualismclassification accuracydevelopmental language disorderlanguage assessmentlanguage exposuresentence comprehensionsequentially bilingual

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Area of Science:

  • Child language acquisition
  • Bilingualism
  • Developmental language disorder

Background:

  • Differentiating typical development (TD) from developmental language disorder (DLD) in bilingual children is challenging.
  • Societal language is often the only shared language for assessment.
  • Existing L2 assessment tools may not accurately reflect bilingual development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate L2 exposure effects on sentence comprehension in bilingual children with TD and DLD.
  • Examine the classification accuracy of L2 sentence comprehension tests.

Main Methods:

  • 100 six-year-old children (54 BiTD, 46 BiDLD) participated.
  • Two L2 sentence comprehension tests were administered.
  • Multiple regression and ROC analyses assessed group performance and classification accuracy, considering L2 exposure.

Main Results:

  • Bilingual children with TD outperformed those with DLD in sentence comprehension.
  • L2 exposure had a small, similar effect on both groups.
  • Test accuracy varied significantly with L2 exposure levels.

Conclusions:

  • L2 sentence comprehension shows promise for identifying DLD in bilingual learners.
  • Interpretation requires careful consideration of L2 exposure.
  • No single tool is sufficient; sentence comprehension tests are valuable within a battery.