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Evaluation of Exposure Assessment Methods and Procedures for Induction Hobs.

Jingtian Xi¹, Sven Kühn¹, Cosimo Fortunato²

¹IT'IS Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland.

Bioelectromagnetics

|September 29, 2025

Summary

Induction hobs can emit magnetic fields exceeding safety levels. This study shows low-exposure designs are possible, but current testing standards may underestimate real-world risks for users.

Keywords:

compliance evaluation contact currents exposure assessment incident field induced field induction hobs

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Area of Science:

Bioelectromagnetics
Electromagnetic field exposure
Household appliance safety

Background:

Induction hobs generate strong magnetic fields, potentially exceeding international safety guidelines.
Stray electromagnetic fields from induction hobs can be substantial, even at distances.
Existing safety guidelines (ICNIRP, IEEE) provide reference levels, but exceeding them doesn't automatically violate basic restrictions.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures from the latest generation of induction hobs.
To evaluate the effectiveness of current testing methodologies (IEC 62233, IEC 63184) for household appliances.
To explore alternative, accurate, and affordable methods for EMF exposure assessment.

Main Methods:

Applied advanced instrumentation and multiple methods, including IEC 62233 and IEC 63184 procedures.
Assessed maximum exposure configurations and sampled 3D magnetic field distributions.
Performed numerical dosimetric evaluations in anatomical models using measured fields.

Main Results:

Significant variations in EMF exposure were observed across different induction hobs (up to >20 difference).
Low-exposure induction hob designs are feasible without compromising cooking performance.
The IEC 62233 standard may underestimate user exposure by a factor of >30 compared to ICNIRP/IEEE limits.

Conclusions:

Induction hob EMF exposure varies significantly, indicating potential for safer designs.
Current standard testing (IEC 62233) may not adequately ensure user safety.
Alternative assessment approaches, like those derived from IEC 63184, offer a balance of accuracy and affordability.