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Marked unergatives: Syntactic ergativity and nominalizations.

Jens Hopperdietzel1,2, Artemis Alexiadou3,4

  • 1Department of German Language and Literature I, University of Cologne, Albertus Magnus Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany.

Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Samoan nominalizations reveal a rare tripartite-inactive case alignment, distinguishing subject types through genitive and ergative cases. This alignment is explained by combining known linguistic phenomena, offering new evidence for each.

Keywords:
(in)alienabilityArgument structureErgativityNominalizationsPolynesianSubject clitics

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Grammatical Case Systems
  • Syntax

Background:

  • Samoan exhibits a unique tripartite-inactive alignment in deverbal nominalizations, marking subjects differently based on verb type.
  • Subject clitics in Samoan display a distinct unergative alignment, with specific marking for unergative subjects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how Samoan's case alignment patterns arise from a combination of established linguistic phenomena.
  • To provide novel evidence for phenomena such as prepositional ergativity, split inalienability, and split intransitivity.
  • To explore the crosslinguistic variation in the source of ergativity and the relationship between syntactic and morphological ergativity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Samoan deverbal nominalizations and subject clitic behavior.
  • Crosslinguistic comparison of ergative case distribution in nominalizations.
  • Theoretical modeling integrating phenomena like prepositional ergativity, split inalienability, and split intransitivity.

Main Results:

  • The observed tripartite-inactive and unergative alignments in Samoan are shown to be natural consequences of specific linguistic factors.
  • The study provides new evidence supporting the existence and interaction of prepositional ergativity, split inalienability, split intransitivity, nominalization restrictions, and nonuniform clitics.
  • Crosslinguistic data suggest that the origins of ergativity are diverse and that syntactic and morphological ergativity are not reducible to a simple subject-based split.

Conclusions:

  • Samoan's complex case alignment system is explained by the interaction of independently motivated linguistic principles.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of grammatical case, nominalization, clitic systems, and ergativity across languages.
  • The study challenges monolithic views of ergativity, highlighting its variable nature and the distinction between its syntactic and morphological manifestations.