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Community-Engaged Medical Student Elective to Improve Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Individuals With Intellectual

Kathryn J Kemere1, Nital Appelbaum2, Priya Chandan3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Transition Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.

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|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Medical students showed improved knowledge and attitudes toward individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) after a clinical elective. This experiential learning combined patient care with community engagement, enhancing inclusivity in healthcare.

Keywords:
ableismacross the lifespanclinical electivecommunity-engaged researchdevelopmental/intellectual disabilityprimary care

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Disparities
  • Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD)

Background:

  • Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) encounter significant barriers in healthcare due to limited medical provider knowledge and biases.
  • Medical school curricula often lack comprehensive IDD content and community engagement opportunities during clinical training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of a novel clinical elective on medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards individuals with IDD.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of experiential learning combining clinical practice and community immersion.

Main Methods:

  • A one-month clinical elective was developed for medical students, integrating primary care experiences with adults with IDD and 30% time in community settings.
  • Pre- and post-elective surveys assessed attitudes (38 Likert-scale items) and knowledge (48-item exam) among 47 participants.

Main Results:

  • Nine attitudinal items showed significant positive shifts post-elective (p < 0.05).
  • Students reported increased comfort (p < 0.001, r = 0.86) and competence (p < 0.001, r = 0.85) in caring for individuals with IDD.
  • Knowledge exam scores significantly improved (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.90).

Conclusions:

  • A combined clinical and community engagement elective effectively enhanced medical students' knowledge and attitudes regarding IDD.
  • Integrating community engagement into medical education is crucial for improving healthcare for individuals with IDD and dismantling attitudinal barriers.