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Biofunctionalized Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Multimodal Molecular Imaging Applications

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Engineered BSA nanoparticles: Synthesis, drug loading, and advanced characterization.

Hemlata¹, A Hariharan¹, Nandan Murali²

¹Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.

Biology Methods & Protocols

|September 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles offer a versatile platform for drug delivery and biomedical applications. This study details reproducible methods for synthesizing and characterizing these nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic potential.

Keywords:

bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs)controlled drug release desolvation method nanoparticle characterization

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles are recognized for their biocompatibility and biodegradability.
They offer advantages like enhanced drug stability, solubility, non-toxicity, and surface modifiability.
Potential applications span cancer treatment, drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a detailed, reproducible, and adaptable protocol for synthesizing and characterizing BSA nanoparticles.
To explore the influence of synthesis parameters on nanoparticle properties.
To assess nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions.

Main Methods:

Synthesis via desolvation process followed by glutaraldehyde crosslinking.
Characterization using dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), FTIR, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).
Stability assessment in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to simulate physiological conditions.

Main Results:

Established a reproducible method for BSA nanoparticle synthesis and drug encapsulation.
Demonstrated control over particle size, surface charge, and dispersity by adjusting crosslinking ratio, pH, and BSA content.
Confirmed nanoparticle stability under simulated physiological conditions.

Conclusions:

The presented protocol serves as a foundational reference for designing functionalized BSA nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
Standardized preparation and characterization techniques advance nanoparticle-based technology.
This work facilitates innovation in developing BSA nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.