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Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for HPV-Related Cancers: From Gene Editing to Precision Oncology

Muharrem Okan Cakir1, Guldide Kayhan2, Betul Yilmaz3,4

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|September 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

New treatments are emerging for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers, including immunotherapy, gene editing, and epigenetic drugs. These strategies aim to improve outcomes for patients with HPV-driven tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary cause of cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.
  • While prophylactic vaccines are effective, therapeutic options for existing HPV-associated malignancies are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of novel therapeutic strategies for HPV-driven tumors.
  • To explore emerging treatments and their potential impact on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on emerging HPV cancer therapies.
  • Analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines (VGX-3100, PRGN-2012), gene editing (CRISPR/Cas9), and epigenetic drugs.
  • Exploration of natural compounds, drug repurposing, combination therapies, and organoid models.

Main Results:

  • Emerging strategies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and gene-editing tools.
  • Epigenetic drugs show potential in reactivating tumor suppressor genes and boosting immunity.
  • Natural compounds, drug repurposing, and combination therapies offer additional treatment avenues.

Conclusions:

  • A multidimensional framework integrating innovative therapies and precision oncology is proposed.
  • The goal is to enhance clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients with HPV-associated cancers.
  • Patient-derived organoid models are valuable for personalized drug screening.
Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9HPV-associated cancersdrug repurposingepigenetic drugsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsnatural compoundsorganoidsprecision oncologytherapeutic vaccines

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