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Integrating Eye-Tracking With Cortical Visual Prostheses in Patients Without Eyes: A Case Study.

Dorota Waclawczyk, Leili Soo, Roberto Morollon Ruiz

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |September 29, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Even without eyes, intended eye movements can guide artificial vision. This study shows that tracking eye movements, even with cosmetic eyes, can improve visual prosthesis control by modulating phosphene perception.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Cortical prostheses use electrical stimulation of the occipital cortex to create artificial vision (phosphenes).
    • Phosphene location is known to be influenced by gaze position in sighted individuals.
    • The effect of intended eye movements on phosphene location in blind individuals without eyes is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if intended eye movements modulate phosphene location in a blind patient with cosmetic eyes.
    • To assess the feasibility of tracking these eye movements for prosthetic control.
    • To determine if gaze position tracking can be integrated into visual prostheses for patients without eyes.

    Main Methods:

    • A patient with a visual prosthesis implant and cosmetic eyes underwent testing.
    • Intended eye movements were recorded using electrooculogram (EOG) and video-based eye tracking.
    • Behavioral search experiments were conducted to assess object localization using eye movements.

    Main Results:

    • Intended eye movements were successfully tracked in a patient with cosmetic eyes.
    • A significant correlation was found between eye position and perceived phosphene locations.
    • The patient accurately identified object locations using real-time eye movement tracking.

    Conclusions:

    • Tracking eye movements, even with cosmetic eyes, is feasible for visual prosthesis control.
    • Gaze position significantly influences phosphene perception in blind individuals without eyes.
    • Incorporating gaze tracking into future visual prostheses is crucial for enhancing artificial vision.